Title: Othello (An extension of Reversi).
Materials:
1. Simple 2D board depicting an 8 by 8 grid of squares.
2. 2 different sets of 64 tokens (traditionally coloured black and white), or, optimally, a set of 64 double-faced tokens, capable of being flipped to represent the other player’s token.
Rules:
· Constitutive:
1. The game initiates with two of each player’s token positioned in the middle of the grid to form a square; each player’s tokens are positioned in a diagonal fashion.
2. Players take turns to place tokens – 1 token is placed per turn. Traditionally the dark player (black tokens) starts first.
3. When a token is placed by a player, any adjacent contiguous line of opponent tokens from the placed token, vertically, horizontally, or diagonally (in both ways) between the newly placed token and the directionally closest player’s existing tokens are said to be “captured” or “converted” and is changed into the player’s tokens.
4. The game ends when a player no longer have any legal moves, that is to say, either the board is filled up or there are no pieces to legally convert during the player’s turn. The winner is the player with the most tokens on the board at the end of the game.
· Operational:
1. Players can only put a new token in a position where at least one of the opponent’s token is converted as a consequence of that move.
2. The game is generally played between two players, or single player against a computer.
· Implicit:
1. Adding, removing, or changing the position of existing tokens of the board is considered cheating.
2. Taking back a (set of) move(s) is generally not accepted as the game is strategic in nature.
3. Taking too long to make a move is also normally unaccepted by the other player.